| Physical Drivers |
IFRS S2 Driver Category |
Risk/Opportunity |
Implications for Valeura Energy |
| Current |
Future |
| R1 |
Cyclones and Winds
Increase in severity of extreme weather events such as cyclones and
strong winds
|
Acute Risk | | |
– Damage to offshore infrastructure and associated costs
– Value chain disruptions
Loss of land due to permanent inundation
|
| R2 |
Extreme Heat
Increase in global mean temperatures |
Chronic Risk | | |
– Reduced capacity and efficiency of equipment resulting in decreased production and revenue |
| R3 |
Sea Level Rise
Increase in rate of sea level rise |
Chronic Risk | | |
– Damage to offshore infrastructure and associated costs
Loss of land due to permanent inundation |
| R4 |
Carbon Price
Introduction of a carbon pricing mechanism (e.g. carbon tax) driven by stringent environmental regulations |
Policy & Legal Risk | | |
– Less demand for fossil fuels in favour of lower emission alternatives resulting in decreased revenue |
| R5 |
Exposure to litigation
Enforcement and scrutiny on climate-related issues by stakeholders increase the risk of litigation |
Policy & Legal Risk | | |
– Increased compliance costs
Increased CAPEX (e.g. investments in new equipment) to meet requirements |
| R6 |
Demand for Fossil Fuels
Decrease in demand for fossil fuels, including oil, in favour of alternatives
(e.g. renewables) |
Market Risk | | |
– Decreased demand and associated revenue and profitability loss |
| R7 |
Technology Substitution
Substitution of existing technologies with alternatives including the
electrification of technologies |
Technology Risk | | |
– Decreased demand and associated revenue and profitability loss |
| R8 |
Technology Deployment
Unsuccessful or delayed investments
in new technologies (e.g. carbon capture storage (CCS) |
Technology Risk | | |
– Increased future compliance costs |
| R9 |
Stakeholder Perception
Increased stakeholder concern or negative feedback |
Reputation Risk | | |
– Reduced revenue from decreased demand for goods
– Negative impact on workforce management and planning (e.g. employee attraction and retention)
– Increased difficulty in accessing capital |
| R10 |
Stranded Assets
Stranded assets due to stakeholder
Pressure |
Reputation Risk | | |
– Lower Valuation of assets |
| O1 |
New Markets
New market opportunities such as CCS in oil reservoirs, increased crude
oil demand for production of petrochemical products, increased demand for low carbon products |
Products/Services Opportunity | | |
– Increased profitability from additional revenue streams |
| O2 |
Renewable energy
Installation and use of onsite
renewable energy and reusing old
offshore platforms to produce renewable energy |
Energy Source Opportunity | | |
– Alternative clean energy source
– Improved energy security
– Decreased OPEX as renewable energy becomes more cost competitive |
| O3 |
Resource Efficiency
Improving resource efficiency through technological innovations in the form of adopting more efficiency
extraction and processing
technologies and upgrading existing
equipment and infrastructure |
Resource Efficiency Opportunity | | |
– Increased operational and environmental efficiency
– Cost savings resulting in decreased OPEX |